Christine’s life unfolded during the turbulent period of the Hundred Years’ War between France and England, as well as internal French conflicts like the Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War. These conditions shaped her political writings and commitment to peace and order. Despite the limitations imposed on women during the Middle Ages, Christine

Christine’s most famous and influential work is The Book of the City of Ladies (1405). Written in French, this allegorical text constructs an imaginary city inhabited entirely by virtuous and accomplished women from history, mythology, and contemporary life. Christine wrote this as a direct response to widespread misogyny in contemporary literatu

Christine de Pizan (1364 – c. 1430) stands out as one of the most remarkable figures in medieval European literature and history. As one of the earliest known women writers in Europe who earned a living through her pen, she not only crafted a prolific body of work but also laid the intellectual groundwork for early feminist thought. Her life and

The slave trade’s impact during the Renaissance extended beyond economics. It facilitated cultural exchanges but also systemic dehumanization and racial ideologies that justified slavery. The devaluation of African lives was rationalized through emerging racist doctrines, which influenced European society's worldview for centuries. Moreover, t